For the first time, researchers have mapped the building blocks of the human lungs and airways, in both asthma patients and normal people. Understanding the cells and their signals could lead to finding new drug targets for treating asthma.

Professor Nicole Soranzo joins 48 fellow scientists from 17 countries in being elected as Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). An additional eight researchers from Argentina, Australia, Japan and the US have become Associate Members of the organisation whose mission is to promote excellence in European molecular life sciences research.

Researchers have mapped the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia around the world and revealed how these bacteria evolve in response to vaccination.

The research from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and collaborators offers incredible potential for studying human development and regenerative medicine. It is the first time scientists have been able to derive stem cells from early pig embryos and will also be beneficial for animal health and food production.

The search for a global Strep A vaccine has narrowed after researchers sequenced the DNA of more than 2,000 Group A Streptococcus samples from around the world. Researchers identified potential vaccine targets present in strains from all the countries sampled, pointing to the possibility of developing an effective global vaccine against Strep A, one of the top 10 causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide.

The difficult decision has been made after consultation with the Sanger Institute board and the Genome Research Limited board, which has representation from Wellcome. The facility is expected to close over the next few years.

In the first large-scale analysis of cancer gene fusions, researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and their collaborators used CRISPR to uncover which gene fusions are critical for the growth of cancer cells. The team also identified a new gene fusion that presents a novel drug target for multiple cancers, including brain and ovarian cancers. The results give more certainty for the use of specific gene fusions to diagnose and guide the treatment of patients.

This annual honour is open to outstanding clinician researchers early in their academic career, and is named in memory of Dr Simon Newell – a renowned and widely respected neonatologist and paediatrician who had a passion for encouraging the next generation of paediatric clinicians and researchers.

The award honours scientists whose research has advanced medical science, delivered cutting-edge research discoveries, and produced benefits for patients and wider society. Dr Campbell's research has been instrumental in developing new ways to explore and understand the processes that cause the development of cancer.

The team report that three individuals were Europeans of diverse origins, including Spain and Sardinia, four were near Easterners who had been recruited to the fight, and two individuals had mixed genetic ancestry, suggesting they were the descendants of mixed relationships between Crusaders and near Easterners.