The canonical reference P. falciparum clone 3D7 was first published by Gardner et al. in 2002. The nuclear genome was described as 22.9 Mb and essentially complete, with 14 chromosomes, a G+C content of approximately 19%, 5268 genes and approximately 80 gaps.

Genome improvement of P. falciparum 3D7

Since publication efforts have continued to improve both the sequence and annotation. The latest annotation is continually updated in GeneDB and used to periodically update PlasmoDB. A complete telomere-to-telomere sequence is in preparation that includes full assessment of accuracy using REAPR (Hunt et al). The current version (v3.0) has 5369 genes, some re-assembled regions of chromosomes 7, 8 and 13, comprehensive reannotation and no gaps. A publication describing the complete methodology and important changes is in preparation. Please refer to Data Use Statement.

Genome improvement of P. falciparum 3D7

Since publication efforts have continued to improve both the sequence and annotation. The latest annotation is continually updated in GeneDB and used to periodically update PlasmoDB. A complete telomere-to-telomere sequence is in preparation that includes full assessment of accuracy using REAPR (Hunt et al). The current version (v3.0) has 5369 genes, some re-assembled regions of chromosomes 7, 8 and 13, comprehensive reannotation and no gaps. A publication describing the complete methodology and important changes is in preparation. Please refer to Data Use Statement.

Other P. falciparum sequencing projects

A draft sequence of P. falciparum IT clone was produced using Sanger sequencing (funded as a component of the BioMalPar Consortium, European Union 6th Framework Program, Contract number LSHP-LT-2004-503578) and more recently using Illumina Sequence-by-Synthesis. An annotation of the latest version can be accessed at GeneDB and is currently unpublished. Please refer to Data Use Statement.

Large-scale resequencing of global P. falciparum isolates is being undertaken as part of the Malaria Programme.

• Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

  Gardner MJ, Hall N, Fung E, White O, Berriman M, Hyman RW, Carlton JM, Pain A, Nelson KE, Bowman S, Paulsen IT, James K, Eisen JA, Rutherford K, Salzberg SL, Craig A, Kyes S, Chan MS, Nene V, Shallom SJ, Suh B, Peterson J, Angiuoli S, Pertea M, Allen J, Selengut J, Haft D, Mather MW, Vaidya AB, Martin DM, Fairlamb AH, Fraunholz MJ, Roos DS, Ralph SA, McFadden GI, Cummings LM, Subramanian GM, Mungall C, Venter JC, Carucci DJ, Hoffman SL, Newbold C, Davis RW, Fraser CM and Barrell B

  Nature 2002;419;6906;498-511

  PUBMED: 12368864; DOI: 10.1038/nature01097

• Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 1, 3-9 and 13.

  Hall N, Pain A, Berriman M, Churcher C, Harris B, Harris D, Mungall K, Bowman S, Atkin R, Baker S, Barron A, Brooks K, Buckee CO, Burrows C, Cherevach I, Chillingworth C, Chillingworth T, Christodoulou Z, Clark L, Clark R, Corton C, Cronin A, Davies R, Davis P, Dear P, Dearden F, Doggett J, Feltwell T, Goble A, Goodhead I, Gwilliam R, Hamlin N, Hance Z, Harper D, Hauser H, Hornsby T, Holroyd S, Horrocks P, Humphray S, Jagels K, James KD, Johnson D, Kerhornou A, Knights A, Konfortov B, Kyes S, Larke N, Lawson D, Lennard N, Line A, Maddison M, McLean J, Mooney P, Moule S, Murphy L, Oliver K, Ormond D, Price C, Quail MA, Rabbinowitsch E, Rajandream MA, Rutter S, Rutherford KM, Sanders M, Simmonds M, Seeger K, Sharp S, Smith R, Squares R, Squares S, Stevens K, Taylor K, Tivey A, Unwin L, Whitehead S, Woodward J, Sulston JE, Craig A, Newbold C and Barrell BG

  Nature 2002;419;6906;527-31

  PUBMED: 12368867; DOI: 10.1038/nature01095

• The complete nucleotide sequence of chromosome 3 of Plasmodium falciparum.

  Bowman S, Lawson D, Basham D, Brown D, Chillingworth T, Churcher CM, Craig A, Davies RM, Devlin K, Feltwell T, Gentles S, Gwilliam R, Hamlin N, Harris D, Holroyd S, Hornsby T, Horrocks P, Jagels K, Jassal B, Kyes S, McLean J, Moule S, Mungall K, Murphy L, Oliver K, Quail MA, Rajandream MA, Rutter S, Skelton J, Squares R, Squares S, Sulston JE, Whitehead S, Woodward JR, Newbold C and Barrell BG

  Nature 1999;400;6744;532-8

  PUBMED: 10448855; DOI: 10.1038/22964